When we look closely at a hemp flower, especially one of our CBD flowers , it's easy to notice the tiny crystals that cover it. These crystals are called trichomes and are a fundamental part of the plant. In this article, we'll tell you everything you need to know about trichomes: what they are, what types exist, what they contain, and why they're so important in industrial hemp cultivation.

What are trichomes on the hemp plant?

How are trichomes defined and what function do they perform?

Trichomes are microscopic structures that develop on the epidermis of hemp flowers, leaves, and stems. They act as tiny biochemical factories, producing compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, and cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD). In addition to their role in plant chemistry, they also function as defense mechanisms against external factors.

Types of trichomes present in industrial hemp

Bulbous trichomes: the smallest

These trichomes measure between 10 and 15 microns in diameter. They have no stem and are found scattered throughout the plant. Although their production of compounds is limited, they are the first to develop and perform a basic protective function.

Sessile capitate trichomes: structure and location

Larger than bulbous trichomes, these trichomes have a wider base and a prominent glandular head. They are usually found on the lower part of flowers and on nearby leaves. Their importance lies in the transition to the more productive trichomes.

Notched glandular trichomes: the best known

These are the most abundant trichomes in mature hemp flowers. Their mushroom-like shape, with a long stem and rounded head, allows them to store a greater amount of resin rich in compounds like CBD. They are key to evaluating the aromatic quality and chemical profile of the final product.

Trichomes in hemp vs. cannabis with THC: Key differences

Although they may appear visually similar, the trichomes of industrial hemp and cannabis with THC differ in the proportion of compounds they produce. Hemp produces predominantly non-psychoactive cannabinoids like CBD, while the other type of plant has a much higher concentration of THC. These differences define their legal and commercial use.

What compounds do trichomes contain?

Terpene profile: natural aromas of the plant

Terpenes are volatile compounds responsible for the aromas released by hemp flowers. Each variety has a unique terpene profile that influences both smell and sensory perception. Limonene, myrcene, and pinene are some of the most common terpenes, and their presence can vary depending on environmental and genetic factors.

Cannabinoids found in trichomes

Various cannabinoids are synthesized within the trichomes. The most common in hemp is CBD, which is appreciated for its non-psychoactive properties. Other compounds such as CBG (cannabigerol), CBC (cannabichromene), and CBN (cannabinol) can also be found, although in smaller quantities.

Flavonoids and their role in the chemical profile of hemp

Flavonoids are antioxidant compounds also produced in trichomes. They contribute characteristic colors and play a role in plant defense. Although less studied than cannabinoids or terpenes, they are an integral part of hemp's chemical profile.

What are trichomes used for on the plant?

Natural defense against insects and pests

Trichomes create a sticky coating that makes it difficult for insects to reach the plant's most sensitive tissues. Some compounds, such as terpenes, also act as natural repellents.

Protection against UV rays and extreme conditions

The layer of trichomes acts as a kind of sun shield. They reflect some of the ultraviolet radiation and help maintain a stable internal temperature.

Humidity regulation in dry environments

In arid climates, trichomes help reduce water loss by creating a micro-layer of moisture that allows the plant to stay hydrated longer.

Color changes in trichomes: what they indicate

Transparent trichomes: initial stage

At this stage, the trichomes have not yet begun to synthesize the compounds of interest in significant quantities. The plant is still developing rapidly.

Whitish or milky trichomes: intermediate point

This color change indicates an increase in cannabinoid concentration. It's a critical stage that many growers look for when planning their harvest.

Amber trichomes: signs of maturity

An amber color indicates that the compounds have reached their maximum level and have begun to oxidize. This is the optimal point of maturity for many topical or aromatic applications.

What color is associated with optimal harvest?

Most experts recommend harvesting when there is a balanced combination of milky and amber trichomes. This ensures the best expression of the flower's chemical profile.

Techniques for collecting and separating trichomes

Dry sift method

This technique uses sieves of varying thicknesses to separate the trichomes from the dried flower. It is one of the oldest methods and produces a pure resin known as "kief."

Ice extraction: the well-known “bubble hash”

Here, the flower is mixed with ice water and shaken to loosen the trichomes. They are then filtered through special mesh screens. The result is a high-quality resin, highly prized for its purity.

Rosin, BHO and other more advanced methods

Rosin is obtained by applying heat and pressure to the flower, while BHO uses solvents like butane to extract the trichomes. Both require technical knowledge but offer high yields and exceptional quality.

Fun facts about hemp trichomes

How climate and environment affect trichome production

Factors such as altitude, sunlight intensity, and substrate type can significantly affect trichome density and quality. An optimal environment can enhance the aromatic profile and the quantity of compounds.

The role of genetics in trichome density and quantity

Some hemp varieties have been specifically selected for their ability to produce higher amounts of trichomes. Genetics is therefore a determining factor when it comes to cultivating high-quality hemp.

Trichomes are a key element in the world of hemp. Understanding their function, types, and functions helps you better evaluate CBD-derived products. At IberoHemp , we work with trichome-rich CBD flowers and carefully crafted oils, ideal for those looking for a quality product to take advantage of the properties of CBD. Explore our store and choose the product that best suits you!